Passage 16

In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and indecision makes for equality and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the ¡°battle of the sexes¡±.
If the process goes too far and man¡¯s role is regarded as less important ¨C and that has happened in some cases ¨C we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.
It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of ¡°Momism¡± ¨C but we don¡¯t want to exchange it for a ¡°neo-Popism¡±. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit ¨C nor the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman¡¯s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyse man¡¯s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.
The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.
Excessive authoritarianism£¨ÃüÁîÖ÷Ò壩has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent £¨Ïà¹ØµÄ£¬ÇÐÌâµÄ£© not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.

1. The iD£®eA£®l of equA£®l rights A£®nD£® equA£®l responsiB£®ilities is _________________.
A£®funD£®A£®mentA£®l to A£® sounD£® D£®emoC£®rA£®C£®y
B£®not pertinent to heA£®lthy fA£®mily life
C£®responsiB£®le for Momism
D£®whA£®t we hA£®ve A£®lmost given up

2. The D£®A£®nger in the shA£®ring of householD£® tA£®sks B£®y the mother A£®nD£® the fA£®ther is thA£®t ___________.
A£®the role of the fA£®ther mA£®y B£®eC£®ome A£®n inferior one¡¯
B£®the role of the mother mA£®y B£®eC£®ome A£®n inferior one
C£®the C£®hilD£®ren will grow up B£®elieving thA£®t life is A£® B£®A£®ttle of sexes
D£®shA£®ring leA£®D£®s to C£®onstA£®nt A£®rguing

3. The A£®uthor stA£®tes thA£®t B£®ringing up C£®hilD£®ren ________________.
A£®is mA£®inly the mother¡¯s joB£®
B£®B£®elongs A£®mong the D£®uties of the fA£®ther
C£®is the joB£® of sC£®hools A£®nD£® C£®hurC£®hes
D£®involves A£® pA£®rtnership of equA£®ls

4. A£®C£®C£®orD£®ing to the A£®uthor, the fA£®ther¡¯s role in the home is ____________________.
A£®minor B£®eC£®A£®use he is A£®n ineffeC£®tuA£®l pA£®rent
B£®irrelevA£®nt to the heA£®lthy D£®evelopment of the C£®hilD£®
C£®pertinent to the heA£®lthy D£®evelopment of the C£®hilD£®
D£®iD£®entiC£®A£®l to the role of the C£®hilD£®¡¯s mother

5. With whiC£®h of the following stA£®tements woulD£® the A£®uthor B£®e most likely to A£®gree?
A£®A£® heA£®lthy, C£®o-operA£®tive fA£®mily is A£® B£®A£®siC£® ingreD£®ient of A£® heA£®lthy soC£®iety.
B£®Men A£®re B£®A£®siC£®A£®lly opposeD£® to shA£®ring householD£® C£®hores.
C£®D£®ivision of householD£® responsiB£®ilities is workA£®B£®le only in theory.
D£®womA£®n¡¯s plA£®C£®e in the home ¨C now A£®s A£®lwA£®ys.

Passage 18

¡¡¡¡If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies the graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.
©ú©úThat's especially true of booing fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor's degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.
©ú©úBut in the long run, too much specialization doesn't pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary injtially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.
©ú©úAs further evidence of the erosion (ÏúÊ´) of corporate(¹«Ë¾µÄ) faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State¡¯s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices, Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out gencralists for middle and upper-level management. ¡°They want someone who isn¡¯t constrained(ÏÞÖÆ)by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,¡±says Scheetz.
©ú©úThis sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adapeability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems, David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree, ¡°I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,¡± says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior¡ªplus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize, ¡°A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,¡± says Scheetz.

1. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?

A) Students with a bachelor's degree in humanities.

B) People with an MBA degree front top universities.

C) People with formal schooling plus work experience.

D) People with special training in engineering

2. By saying ¡°¡­but the impact of a degree washes out after five years¡± (Line 3, Para, 3), the author means ________.

A) most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundation

B) an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positions

C) MBA programs will not be as popular in five years' time as they are now

D) in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got

3. According to Scheetz's statement (Lines 4-5. Para. 4), companies prefer ________.

A) people who have a strategic mind

B) people who are talented in fine arts

C) people who are ambitious and aggressive

D) people who have received training in mechanics

4. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because ________.

A) they are more capable of handling changing situations

B) they can stick to established ways of solving problems

C) they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fields

D) they have attended special programs in management

5. Which of the following statements does the author support?

A) Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.

B) Formal schooling is less important than job training.

C) On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.

D) Generalists will outdo specialists in management.

Passage 17

If you think you have a puncture(©Æø), first check the valve(·§ÃÅ) to make sure air is not leaking from it, by putting spit on the end of it. If the valve is not the source of the leak, remove the wheel from the bicycle and put the tyre off. Be careful not to pinch the inner tube. Remove the inner tube and pump some air into it. Do not use tyre levers for doing this. Then hold it in a bowl of water until you see bubbles coming from it. Or, hold the tube to your ear and listen for air escaping. Dry the tube. Choose a patch which is big enough to cover the hole and the surrounding area. Apply glue to tube before sticking patch down. Before you put the tube back in the tyre, run your fingers over both the inside and outside of the tyre to make sure that whatever caused the puncture is not still there. To replace the tube, put the valve part way through the hole in the rim(ÂÖȦ), pump a little air in , and then feed it carefully under the tyre, Push the tyre over the rim and back into position.
Pump up the tyre fully and replace the wheel on the bicycle. Make sure the wheel is positioned in the center of the frame.

1. This passage is intended for someone who________.

A. buys a new bike

B. learns to ride a bike

C. has a flat tyre

D. travels by bike

2.If the tyre leaks, you should first___________.

A. check the valve

B. replace the tyre

C. go to the repairman

D. pump some air into the tube

3.You may examine whether the air is leaking by___________.

A. removing the wheel from the bike

B. drying the inner tube

C. running your fingers over the inside of the tyre

D. listening for air escaping

4.From the context we may see that a lever is a tool which can be used to ___________.

A. push the tyre back into position

B. take out the inner tube

C. remove the wheel from the bike

D. replace the wheel on the bike

5.The passage implies that if the air leakage came from the valve,__________.

A. you should still need to examine the inner tube

B. it would be unnecessary to do anything about the inner tube

C. you could solve the problem by putting spit on it

D. there would be no way to solve the problem