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Passage 28
It is hard to track the blue whale the ocean’s largest creature which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.
So biologists were delighted early this year when with the help of the Navy they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy’s formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans. Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.
Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption (爆发) for the first time and that they plan similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures. The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second-slower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds focusing them in the same way a stethoscope (听诊器) does when it carries faint noises from a patient’s chest to a doctor’s ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean especially low-frequency ones can often travel thousands of miles.
1. The passage is chiefly about ____ .
A. an effort to protect an endangered marine species.
B. the civilian use of a military detection system.
C. the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weapon.
D. a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales.
2. The underwater listening system was originally designed ____ .
A. to trace and locate enemy vessels
B. to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptions
C. to study the movement of ocean currents
D. to replace the global radio communications network
3 The deep-sea listening system makes use of ____ .
A. the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under water
B. the capability of sound to travel at high speed
C. the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting sound
D. low-frequency sounds travelling across different layers of water
4. It can be inferred from the passage that____.
A. new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whales
B. blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening system
C. opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technology
D. military technology has great potential in civilian use
5. Which of the following is true about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network﹖
A. It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.
B. It has been replaced by a more advanced system.
C. It became useless to the military after the cold war.
D. It is indispensable in protecting endangered species.
Passage 30
Every ten years there is a national census(人口普查) to count the number of people. The Census Office asks every household to answer questions on a census form. The census counts people by the kind of housing they live in, the country in which they were born, and the kind of job they do and how they travel to work. Census results are used by a great many people and are available to everyone in many ways.
For example, in order to work out present and future needs we must know people are housed now, and the sizes and ages of their families. For hospitals, schools and other local services, the size of annual grants made by the Government to these services depends largely on the numbers and needs people in the area.
Many of the figures come from the census. In order to work out future spending for pensions(养老金), we need to know people’s ages, how many are men and how many are women, whether they are single or married, and the size of the family, The census shows how many people have moved from one area to another and how are the local workforce is changing. This information is used when factories, offices, shops, public transport and place for leisure are being planned. The census is taken in order to provide figures about the nation as a whole. It does not give information about any named person, family or household. Names and address are needed to take the census accurately, but they are not fed into the computer. After the census, the forms are locked away and will not be released to anyone outside the Census Office for 100 years. The answers you give on your census form will be treated secretly. No one outside the Census Office will see your completed form---- but if you refuse to complete your form properly, you may be taken to court and the form could be produced as evidence. Everyone working on the census is required to keep it secret and can be prosecuted(起诉) if he or she improperly reveals information.
1.It is necessary to know what sort of housing conditions people have in order to plan_______.
A. the sizes and ages of families
B. the sizes and ages of houses
C. how many presents will be needed
D. how many houses need to be built
2.The census shows the changes that have taken place regarding _________.
A. the number of people who work in the area
B. the number of buses in the area
C. the strength of workers in the area
D. the use of power in the area
3.Which of the following statements if true?
A. There is no information about people’s names on the census forms.
B. The census would not be accurate if the information was fed into a computer
C. The census gives information about the whole country
D. Named people and families do not need to give information.
4.Information about names and address_________.
A. is stored in the computer for 100 years
B. is not usually accurate
C. will not be seen by anyone
D. will be made public in 100 years
5.The people who work on the census_________.
A. will not see the completed forms
B. have promised not to reveal information
C. are not allowed to keep the information in memory
D. are secretly trained
Passage 29
Tests conducted at the University of Pennsylvania’s Psychological(心理学的) Laboratory showed that anger is one of the most difficult emotions to detect from facial(面部的) expression. Professor Dallas E. Buzby showed 716 students pictures of extremely angry persons, and asked them to identify the emotion from the facial expression. Only two percent made correct judgments. Anger was most frequently judged as “ pleased”. And a typical reaction of a student seeing the picture of a man who was extremely angry was to classify his expression as either “confused” or simply “amazed”. Other studies showed that it is extremely difficult to tell whether a man is angry or not just by looking at his face. The investigation found further that women are better at detecting anger from facial expression than men are. Surprisingly, they also found that psychological training does not sharpen one’s ability to judge a man’s emotions by his expressions but appears actually to slow it down. For in the university tests, the more courses the student had taken in psychology, the poorer judgment scores he turned in.
1.The main information in this passage centers around_______________.
A. the relation between anger and other emotions
B. the detection of anger from facial expression
C. the differences between men and women with respect to emotion
D. the influence of psychology on one’s emotion
2.From the passage we know that__________
A. anger is difficult to detect by looking at a person’s face
B. anger is often mixed with other emotions
C. men may get angry more easily
D. anger can be detected by a psychologically trained person
3.Students with psychological training who were tested_________.
A. marked less than two percent of their possible choices correctly
B. were less able to judge correctly than the average student
C. did better than the average student in the group
D did as well as the women students
4.To achieve the greatest success in detecting anger from facial expression, it would be best to ______
A. use adults rather than students as judges
B. ask women in fields other than psychology to judge
C. ask women rather than men to judge
D. ask psychologists to judge
5.The word “sharpen”(Line 15) is closest in meaning to _____.
A. raise
B. help develop
C. weaken
D. help estimate
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