| 2001年8月TOEFL试题阅读部分及答案 |
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applications.
(C) Industries should spend less money on research and development.
(D) Science and technology are becoming more separate.
Questions 29-39
The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States contributed
significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism. After the
1870' s, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had prevailed
Line immediately following the Civil War of 1861-1865 and turned instead to realism.
(5) Determined to portray life as it was, with fidelity to real life and accurate representation
without idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused on life in
specific regions of the country, and emphasized the "true" relationships between people. In
doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, such as industrialization,
evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans, and the
(10) influence of science.
Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South;
Hamlin Garland described life on the Great Plains; and Sarah One Jewett wrote about
everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame with stories
that portrayed local life in the California mining camps.
(15) Samuel Clemens, who adopted the pen name Mark Twain, became the country's most
outstanding realist author, observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye. In
his stories and novels, Twain drew on his own experiences and used dialect and common
speech instead of literary language, touching off a major change in American prose style.
Other writers became impatient even with realism. Pushing evolutionary theory to its
(20) limits, they wrote of a world in which a cruel and merciless environment determined
human fate. These writers, called naturalists, often focused on economic hardship,
studying people struggling with poverty, and other aspects of urban and industrial life.
Naturalists brought to their writing a passion for direct and honest experience.
Theodore Dreiser, the foremost naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie, grimly
(25) portrayed a dark world in which human beings were tossed about by forces beyond their
understanding or control. Dreiser thought that writers should tell the truth about human
affairs, not fabricate romance, and Sister Carrie, he said, was "not intended as a piece of
literary craftsmanship, but was a picture of conditions."
29. Which aspect of late-nineteenth-century United States literature does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The influence of science on literature
(B) The importance of dialects for realist writers
(C) The emergence of realism and naturalism
(D) The effects of industrialization on romanticism
30. The word "prevailed" in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) dominated
(B) transformed
(C) entered
(D) generalized
31. The word "they" in line 8 refers to
(A) authors
(B) dialects
(C) stories
(D) relationships
32. According to the passage, a highly significant factor in the development of realist and naturalist literature was
(A) the Civil War
(B) a recognition that romanticism was unpopular
(C) an increased interest in the study of common speech
(D) an economic depression
33. Realist writers took an interest in all of the following EXCEPT
(A) human relationships
(B) characteristics of different regions
(C) the idealization of life
(D) social and historical theories
34. The word "depicted" in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) emphasized
(B) described
(C) criticized
(D) classified
35. Why does the author mention mining camps in line 14 ?
(A) To contrast the themes of realist and naturalist writers
(B) To illustrate how Bret Harte differed from other authors
(C) As an example of a topic taken up by realist writers
(D) As an example of how setting can influence literary style
36. Which of the following wrote about life in rural New England?
(A) Ellen Glasgow
(B) Sarah Orne Jewett
(C) Hamlin Garland
(D) Mark Twain
37. Mark Twain is considered an important literary figure because he
(A) was the first realist writer in the United States
(B) rejected romanticism as a literary approach
(C) wrote humorous stories and novels
(D) influenced American prose style through his use of common speech
38. The word "foremost" in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A) most difficult
(B) interesting
(C) most focused
(D) leading
39. Which of the following statements about Theodore Dreiser is supported by
the passage?
(A) He mainly wrote about historical subjects such as the Civil War.
(B) His novels often contained elements of humor.
(C) He viewed himself more as a social commentator than as a literary artist.
(D) He believed writers should emphasize the positive aspects of life.
Questions 40-50
In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents-
New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer
ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy.
Line The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early
(5) decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930.
A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The
agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and
the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile
aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a superb
(10) natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made it possible to shoot
motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood. Hollywood not only supplied jobs; it
disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the
nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however,
was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines
(15) led to the opening of the Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North
America's greatest refining center.
Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive
spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los
Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an
(20) area of 400 square miles. It was a city without a real center. The downtown business
district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed
to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000
cars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors
from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los
(25) Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility
of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city.
40. What is the passage mainly about?
(A) The growth of cities in the United States in the early 1900's
(B) The development of the Southern California oil fields
(C) Factors contributing to the growth of Los Angeles
(D) Industry and city planning in Los Angeles
41. The author characterizes the growth of new large cities in the United States after
1900 as resulting primarily from
(A) new economic conditions
(B) images of cities shown in movies
(C) new agricultural techniques
(D) a large migrant population
42. The word "meteoric" in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(A) rapid
(B) famous
(C) controversial
(D) methodical
43. The word "it" in line 8 refers to
(A) aqueduct
(B) vision
(C) water
(D) agricultural potential
44. According to the passage, the most important factor in the development of agriculture around Los Angeles was the
(A) influx of "new residents to agricultural areas near the city
(B) construction of an aqueduct
(C) expansion of transportation facilities
(D) development of new connections to the city's natural harbor
45. According to the passage, the initial success of Hollywood' s motion picture industry was due largely to the
(A) availability of many skilled workers
(B) beauty of the countryside
(C) region's reputation for luxurious lifestyles
(D) region's climate and good weather
46. It can be inferred from the passage that in 1930 the greatest number of peopl上一页 [1] [2] [3] 下一页 |
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